slf4j+logback实现不同环境日志配置和日志级别的设置及日志的开关

原创 分类：Java 作者：Java老牛 发布日期：2022-10-11T22:46:15

不管大公司还是小公司都会有日志混乱的问题，当生产报错时开发人员排查问题，打开日志文件实时查看日志输出，但是由于不规范日志打印的很快，很难发现错误的日志。所以本次分享日志配置知识，由于代码过多所以这次给出代码库，欢迎下载学习。

gitee地址：https://gitee.com/javalaoniu/java-example/tree/master/demo-logback

### 日志打印类

```java
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
@Slf4j
public class DemoLogbackApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoLogbackApplication.class, args);

log.debug("debug...");
        log.info("info...");
        log.warn("warn...");
        log.error("error...");
    }
}
```

打印效果
![](https://blog-1258868106.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/ocpx-1665712655559-1665712654926.png)

### 不同环境日志
只要配置下面属性即可对应使用相应的日志配置
开发环境： spring.profiles.active=dev
测试环境： spring.profiles.active=test
生产环境： spring.profiles.active=prod

### 日志级别设置例子
关闭根日志
logging.level.root = off
打印某个包的日志，日志级别为debug
logging.level.javalaoniu.gitee.io.demo.logback = debug
关闭org.apache包的日志
logging.level.org.apache = off

### 动态设置日志环境
在项目启动时，传递环境参数，让日志自动使用相应的日志配置去打印日志（或记录到文件中）
java -jar javalaoniu.gitee.io.demo.logback.DemoLogbackApplication --spring.profiles.active=dev

### 日志文件配置
#### logback-spring.xml
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="60 seconds" debug="false">  
    <contextName>dadi</contextName>  
    <springProperty scope="context" name="springAppName" source="spring.application.name"/>  
    <property name="log.path" value="logs/app-log"/>  
    <property name="log.maxHistory" value="15"/>  
    <property name="log.maxSize" value="10MB"/>  
      
    <property name="log.colorPattern"  
              value="%magenta(%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}) %highlight(%-5level) %boldCyan([${springAppName:-},%X{X-B3-TraceId:-},%X{X-B3-SpanId:-},%X{X-Span-Export:-}]) %yellow(%thread) %green(%logger) %L %msg%n"/>  
    <property name="log.pattern"  
              value="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-5level [${springAppName:-},%X{X-B3-TraceId:-},%X{X-B3-SpanId:-},%X{X-Span-Export:-}] %thread %logger %L %msg%n"/>  
  
      
    <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">  
        <encoder>  
            <pattern>${log.colorPattern}</pattern>  
        </encoder>  
    </appender>  
  
      
    <appender name="file_info" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">  
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">  
            <fileNamePattern>${log.path}/info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>  
            <MaxHistory>${log.maxHistory}</MaxHistory>  
        </rollingPolicy>  
        <encoder>  
            <pattern>${log.pattern}</pattern>  
        </encoder>  
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">  
            <level>INFO</level>  
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>  
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>  
        </filter>  
  
          
        <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">  
            <MaxFileSize>${log.maxSize}</MaxFileSize>  
        </triggeringPolicy>  
    </appender>  
  
    <appender name="file_error" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">  
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">  
            <fileNamePattern>${log.path}/error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>  
        </rollingPolicy>  
        <encoder>  
            <pattern>${log.pattern}</pattern>  
        </encoder>  
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">  
            <level>ERROR</level>  
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>  
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>  
        </filter>  
  
          
        <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">  
            <MaxFileSize>${log.maxSize}</MaxFileSize>  
        </triggeringPolicy>  
    </appender>  
  
    <springProfile name="dev">  
          
          
        <logger name="javalaoniu.gitee.io.demo.logback" level="debug" additivity="false">  
            <appender-ref ref="console"/>  
        </logger>  
    </springProfile>  
    <springProfile name="test | default">  
          
          
          
        <logger name="javalaoniu.gitee.io.demo.logback" level="info" additivity="false">  
            <appender-ref ref="console"/>  
        </logger>  
    </springProfile>  
    <springProfile name="prod">  
          
          
        <logger name="javalaoniu.gitee.io.demo.logback" level="error" additivity="false">  
            <appender-ref ref="console"/>  
            <appender-ref ref="file_error"/>  
        </logger>  
    </springProfile>  
  
  
      
    <root level="error">  
        <appender-ref ref="console"/>  
    </root>  
  
</configuration>
```

#### application.properties
```properties
logging.level.root = off  
logging.level.javalaoniu.gitee.io.demo.logback = debug
```

### 日志规则
- 日志文件命名为logback-spring.xml，这样可以读取application.properties中的配置；
- logback-spring.xml文件和application.properties中同时设置，则application.properties中的配置覆盖logback-spring.xml中的配置；
- application.properties中logging.level.root的级别设置不影响其他包的设置，如logging.level.root=info，包设置logging.level.demo.log=warn，则demo.log包的日志级别为warn
- 日志级别由低到高，ALL < TRACE < `DEBUG < INFO < WARN < ERROR` < FATAL < OFF